Category Archives: Africa

The Groundings with My Brothers.

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Book Review: The Groundings with My Brothers.

 

Author: Dr Walter Rodney

 

First Published: 1969

 

Genre: Non-fiction / Political Theory / Pan-Africanism

 

Overview

 

The Groundings with My Brothers is not merely a book; it is a historical artifact of revolutionary Caribbean thought. Published shortly after Walter Rodney’s expulsion from Jamaica in 1968, the text is a collection of speeches and essays that document his radical approach to history and activism. It captures the essence of “grounding”—the act of a scholar sitting with the marginalized to share knowledge and listen to their lived experiences.

 

Core Themes and Analysis

 

  1. The Concept of “Grounding”

 

The title refers to Rodney’s practice of leaving the “ivory tower” of the University of the West Indies to engage with Rastafarians, urban youth, and the unemployed in Jamaica. For Rodney, history was a tool for liberation. By “grounding,” he demystified the role of the academic, arguing that the intellectual’s duty is to place their skills at the service of the oppressed.

 

  1. Black Power in the Caribbean

 

Rodney provides a unique articulation of Black Power tailored to the Caribbean context. He argues that while the Caribbean was governed by Black faces after independence, the underlying structures of power remained white and imperialist. He defines Black Power as:

 

The break with imperialism (specifically British and American).

 

The assumption of power by the Black masses.

 

The cultural reconstruction of society in the image of the African diaspora.

 

  1. African History as Resistance

 

A significant portion of the book is dedicated to reclaiming African history. Rodney challenges the colonial narrative that Africa had no history before European arrival. He utilizes his expertise as a historian to show that African civilizations were complex and thriving, providing a sense of pride and identity that colonial education had sought to erase.

 

  1. The 1968 Rodney Riots

 

The book provides the intellectual backdrop for the “Rodney Riots.” When the Jamaican government banned Rodney from re-entering the country after he attended a Black Writers’ Conference in Canada, it sparked massive protests. This text explains why the government feared him: he was successfully bridging the gap between the educated elite and the grassroots, a combination that threatened the status quo.

 

Critical Impact

 

Rodney’s writing is remarkably accessible. Unlike many academic treatises, The Groundings With My Brothers is direct, passionate, and urgent. It shifted the focus of Caribbean politics from mere electoral representation to a deeper, more structural transformation of society.

 

Conclusion

 

The Groundings With My Brothers remains a foundational text for anyone studying post-colonialism, Pan-Africanism, or social justice. Dr Walter Rodney’s message—that the intellectual must be a servant of the people—is as relevant today as it was in 1969. It serves as a powerful reminder that history is not just about the past; it is a weapon used to shape the future.

 

Key Quotes

 

“I was prepared to go anywhere that any group of Black people were prepared to sit down to talk and ‘ground’ with one another.”

 

“Black Power is a doctrine about black people, for black people, preached by black people.”

Een Nederlandse Samenvatting van mijn Novel.

Africa, al-Qaeda, Black History, History, , , , , , , , , ,

 

Voorwoord en achtergrond

De auteur introduceert het verhaal als een coming-of-age-verhaal in de postkoloniale Caribische context, waarin jonge mannen zichzelf “soldaten” noemen en beïnvloed zijn door bewegingen zoals de Black Panthers en de ideeën van Malcolm X. Het verhaal is gebaseerd op echte gebeurtenissen en personen, maar met fictieve elementen om privacy te waarborgen. De auteur benadrukt de complexiteit van de regio, waarin drugs, wapens, slavernij, terrorisme en politieke corruptie met elkaar verweven zijn [1].

 

Dit document is een uitgebreide en complexe fictieve vertelling die diep ingaat op de politieke, sociale en culturele dynamiek van de voormalige Nederlands-Antillen, met een focus op Sint Maarten en de bredere Caribische regio. Het verhaal verweeft thema’s zoals drugscriminaliteit, raciale en culturele identiteit, politieke corruptie, terrorisme en de strijd om onafhankelijkheid en zelfbeschikking. Het document bevat ook uitgebreide reflecties op het onderwijssysteem, de invloed van Europese koloniale machten en de opkomst van alternatieve ideologieën en bewegingen binnen de Caribische gemeenschap.

Hoofdstuk 1: Oorsprong en ontwikkeling

Hier wordt de politieke en sociale achtergrond van de Antillen geschetst, met nadruk op de rol van de eilanden als doorvoerhavens voor mensen, goederen en drugs. De educatie is eurocentrisch en creëert een “serfklasse”, maar de jongeren zijn intelligent en mondig, met studies in Europa en Noord-Amerika. De protagonisten raken betrokken bij de marijuanahandel en vormen een organisatie genaamd Nguzusaba, die ook symboliek en kleding gebruikt om hun identiteit te versterken. Conflicten ontstaan met schoolautoriteiten over het dragen van dreadlocks, wat wordt aangevochten met behulp van de Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens [2] [3].

Er wordt een escalatie beschreven waarbij de groep betrokken raakt bij cocaïnehandel, gewelddadige overvallen en politieke intriges. De protagonist Imru werkt ook in een bank en bouwt een muzieklabel op, waarbij hij samenwerkt met artiesten en betrokken raakt bij de lokale en internationale muziekscene. Tegelijkertijd raakt de groep verwikkeld in terroristische netwerken en paramilitaire plannen, waarbij conflicten ontstaan tussen idealisme en de realiteit van geweld en criminaliteit [4] [5].

Hoofdstuk 2: Spirituele evolutie:

Chip, een sleutelfiguur in het verhaal, wordt geïnitieerd in een geheimzinnige Afrikaanse orde, de Orde van de Heilige Slang, die hem voorziet van occulte macht en politieke ambities. Deze orde heeft diepe wortels in Afrikaanse tradities en voegt een spiritueel en mystiek element toe aan de politieke en criminele activiteiten. Chips ambities omvatten het vestigen van een nieuw rijk, gesteund door esoterische krachten en politieke manipulatie, waarbij hij een belangrijke rol speelt in het leiden van een revolutionaire beweging in de regio [6].

Hoofdstuk 3: Politieke en sociale strijd

Het document beschrijft de groeiende spanningen op Sint Maarten, waarbij politieke corruptie, criminaliteit en terrorisme escaleren. Er wordt een aanslag beschreven waarbij een politicus, Hellener, wordt vermoord door een vergiftigde cocaïnedosis, wat leidt tot een machtsstrijd tussen verschillende facties. Imru en zijn bondgenoten plannen vergelding en consolideren hun macht terwijl de sociale orde instort. Tegelijkertijd worden de complexiteit van de criminele netwerken en hun internationale connecties duidelijk, evenals de rol van terrorisme binnen de regio [7] [8].

Hoofdstuk 4: Europese connectie en criminaliteit

De groep breidt haar activiteiten uit naar Nederland, met Rotterdam als een belangrijk centrum. Hier ontstaan conflicten met andere criminele groeperingen, waaronder de Turkse en Marokkaanse maffia, en wordt een gewelddadige confrontatie beschreven tussen rivaliserende bendes. Imru zoekt bondgenoten in de onderwereld, zoals Peaches, een beruchte figuur met een gewelddadig verleden. Tegelijkertijd ontwikkelt Imru zijn muzieklabel verder en streeft naar legitimiteit door samen te werken met artiesten en grote muziekmaatschappijen [9] [10].

Hoofdstuk 5: Pan-Caribische visie en onderwijs

In een toespraak op een conferentie in Jamaica legt een spreker, George, de nadruk op de noodzaak van een onafhankelijke Sint Maarten en een verenigd Caribisch front. Hij bekritiseert het koloniale onderwijs en pleit voor een onderwijsmodel dat aansluit bij de culturele realiteit van de Caribische jongeren. Het document bespreekt uitgebreid de problematiek van drugsgebruik, gangcultuur en de invloed van Amerikaanse hiphop en rap, en benadrukt het belang van een collectieve klasstructuur om nationale identiteit en sociale cohesie te bevorderen. Het pleidooi richt zich op het ontwikkelen van een eigen Caribische intellectuele en culturele identiteit, los van Europese invloeden [11] [12].

Hoofdstuk 6: Spirituele en politieke climax

Het verhaal culmineert in een dramatische terroristische aanslag op Sint Maarten, uitgevoerd door twee jihadistische strijders, Amir en Absalom, die vanuit Guyana en Nederland zijn gestuurd. Deze aanval veroorzaakt enorme chaos en vernietiging, met een grote impact op toerisme en veiligheid. Tegelijkertijd ontplooit Chip zijn plan om politieke macht te grijpen via zijn netwerk en occulte macht, waarbij hij gebruikmaakt van de chaos om zijn invloed te vergroten. De nasleep toont een samenleving in totale ontreddering, waarbij politieke leiders vluchten en de orde instort. Imru en zijn bondgenoten proberen hun positie te consolideren te midden van de chaos [13] [14].

 

Overige elementen

Het document bevat ook diepgaande beschrijvingen van personages zoals Gibraud, een gevreesde gevangene met een sterke spirituele achtergrond, en Isabell, zijn machtige tante. Daarnaast wordt het belang van culturele symbolen, zoals de vlag van Sint Maarten en de Brown Pelican, benadrukt als uitdrukking van nationale identiteit en onafhankelijkheid. Het document sluit af met reflecties op de rol van islamitische ideologieën, geheime genootschappen en internationale politieke machtsstructuren die de gebeurtenissen beïnvloeden [15] [16].

Ethiopia, the birthplace of The Human Race.

Africa, Ethiopia, Ethnic Wars, Haile Sellassie, Hindu Kush, History, politics, Pre-Aryan, Soualiga Youth, , , , , ,

 Excerpted from Rastafari and Its Shamanist Origins by Wade A. Bailey.

Ethiopia’s bedrock belongs to the earth’s first continent, a continent called Gondwanaland by geologists, of which Africa forms the last intact remnant. The structures of this 600-million-year-old land, made up of hard, massive folded pre-Cambrian crystalline rock, have been covered over throughout most of Ethiopia by recent formations. Ethiopia is called the cradle of mankind by some geologists and anthropologists. The Bible records in Genesis 2:8-14 that: ‘And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed 10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden, and from thence it was parted into four heads. 11 The name of the first is Pison, that is, it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 And the gold of that land is good, there is Bdellium and the Onyx stone. 13 And the name of the second is Gihon (Blue Nile) the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. 14 And the name of the third river is Hiddekel, that is, the river which goeth toward the east of Assyria, and the fourth river is the Euphrates. As per the biblical description Eden was a huge landmass and the river that flowed out of it, straddled more than one country, Ethiopia is one that was specifically named as being completely surrounded by one of the rivers namely Gihon (Blue Nile), judging from the biblical description the Garden of Eden is placed on the African continent, interestingly said placement is in agreement with, scientific, archaeological, historical references and evidence.

Here we have a visual map aide showing the proximity of Arab countries to Africa; from those countries, Cannabis was introduced to the continent. Ethiopia is located in northeastern Africa, the ‘Horn’ of Africa, so-called because of the horn-shaped tip of the continent, which demarcates the Red Sea from the Indian Ocean. Ethiopia is bordered by Sudan on its western border, Somalia to the southeast, Kenya to the south, Djibouti to the east, and Eritrea to the north and northeast. Ethiopia consists of four major river systems. The first system consists of the Takaze, also known as the Atbara, the Abbay or the Blue Nile, and lastly the Baro, originating in Sudan, then flowing westward into the Nile.

According to the officially available figures, Ethiopia’s population is about 76 million people, making it the third most populous nation in Africa. The varying ethnicities that comprise Ethiopia’s populace is diverse and are grouped as follows: the Amhara and Tigrinya, 32 per cent, the Oromo 40 per cent, Sidamo 9 percent, Somali 6 percent, Shankella 6 per cent, Gurage 2 per cent, Afar 4 percent. There are hundreds of languages spoken in Ethiopia that fall into four major categories. Three of which have a common ancestry that is called proto-Afroasiatic by linguists (Afro-Asiatic is Hamitic-Semitic). The three are known as Cushitic, Omotic, and Semitic. Harold G. Marcus wrote in his seminal work, A History of Ethiopia, published by the University of California, that: ‘Evidence is strong that the Afro-Asiatic (Hamitic-Semitic) group of languages developed and fissured in the Sudan-Ethiopian borderlands. The Proto-Cushitic and Proto-Semitic began their evolution. In Ethiopia, the Semitic branch grew into a northern group, today echoed in Tigrinya, and a southern group, best heard in Amharic. It simultaneously spread to the Middle East, whence, millennia later, it returned in a written form to enrich its cousins several times removed. Cushitic includes the Agaw, the Somali, the Afar, the Saho, the Hadiya, the Kambata, the Oromo, and the Gedeo. Omotic, the term Omotic is derived from the fact that the people thus designated traditionally lived on both sides of the Omo River. The following nationalities comprise the Omotic, the Dorze, Janjaro, Maji, Kafa, Waylata and the Dizi.

The last category is the Semitic Geez, which is the oldest Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia. It is largely confined to the religious sphere, i.e. sacral literature and theology. Other Semitic languages are Amharic, Tigrinya, Harari, and Gurage. There are the Nilo-Saharan language groups, which are not connected to the Cushitic, Omotic, and Semitic language groups previously cited. They are as follows: the Anuak, the Nuer, the Kunamain in southwestern Eritrea, the Gumuz in western Gojam and the Manjanjir. Linguistic and archaeological evidence points to a prehistoric genesis for Ethiopian culture. Early evidence of human existence has been found in the varied array of stone tools found in many parts of Ethiopia. Village farming was developed in Ethiopia during the Neolithic period. There is empirical evidence that Stone Age culture endured in Ethiopia during different epochs. The Watta of Ethiopia were related to the hunting groups of northeastern and eastern Africa. The Agau is an early population that still exists today in Ethiopia. The Agau discovered new strains of plants, the domestication of the donkey and mule breeding regionally. The plateau peoples are grouped into three groups, linguistically and anthropologically; they are referred to as the Central Agau and Eastern Cushites. During the second Millennium, the population increased dramatically; as a result, the Cushitic population who lived in the southern fringes expanded into Uganda, Kenya, and Tanganyika. The migrations of the Bantus into Ethiopia changed the population dynamics in Ethiopia and all other southern African societies. Along with the aforementioned and the erection of the phallic stones in southern Ethiopia, the basis for the development of states in Ethiopia was established. The development of city-states in Ethiopia was spurred by various socio-religious dynamics and the interpersonal relationships of the various people groups vis-à-vis their counterparts. One of the ethnicities in Ethiopia credited with helping advance the proto-city state to the contemporary city-state is the Oromo.

The Oromo lived in the Ethiopian highlands in areas like Bali, the borders of what is now the Republic of Somalia. They claim to have emerged from the Borana region of southwestern Ethiopia. By the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, powerful Abyssinian kings by force of arms made the Oromo move west and southwest into the barely habitable, salt pans, lava fields, and toward the boulder and sand deserts near Lake Rudolph. Some Oromo groups, over time, developed powerful monarchial states. The Oromo are notable for their martial feats, specifically as cavalry (mounted soldiers). Ancient Ethiopian literature is replete with mentions of or praises to the Oromo for their exploits on the battlefield. In 1776, the civil war ushered in the era of the ‘age of princes’; the war and political intrigues persisted till 1855. The civil war ultimately resulted in the proto-provincialism that is prevalent even today; as a result, the various provinces competed for territory and resources against the other provinces in a struggle for ultimate hegemony. The period saw the ascendency of various provincial dynasties, each province was demarcated along ethnic and national lines, the loyalty of the people was not to Ethiopia, but to their provinces and their kings who ruled over them. The Gondar monarchy’s decline led to an increase in the influence of the Galla. Gondar was once Ethiopia’s largest city and a hub of religion and art. Gondar was Ethiopia’s de facto capital from 1635 to 1867. By this time, the Solomonic dynasty and ethos extant for hundreds of years were well established. Since the Galla at the time were a well-established and powerful ethnic group, the royal family forged strong ties with the Galla through marriage.

The Ethiopian imperial monarchy was diluted because the majority of Galla were Muslims; the throne then was not a legitimate manifestation of Christian power but was an instrument of power wielded by Muslims. One dynasty that laid claim to the Solomonic heritage, as well as being a mainly Christian polity in its hierarchical structure, was Shoa.  Shoa, an alternate spelling is Shewa, free of the rampant civil strife sweeping the rest of Ethiopia, was able to create a largely coherent bureaucracy that was characterised by a heterogeneous coexistence among the varying ethnic and religious groups. The unification of Shoa was solidified under a Christian dynastic monarchy, which waged wars of hegemony till the end of the 18th century. In the reign of Sahle Sellassie (1813-1847) an Amhara Negus, he had many children, one of them being Haile Melekot, the father of Menellek II. When his father was murdered, Sahle Sellassie seized the throne although he had older male siblings. Sahle moved swiftly to consolidate power with the help of his mother’s kinsmen. He marched from the monastery at Sehla Dingay, where he was enrolled as a student, to his father’s capital at Qundi and claimed the succession; he was proclaimed Ras of Showa. Some of his male siblings reached Qundi at a later date and were promptly imprisoned.

Shortly after his proclamation as Ras, he proclaimed himself Negus of Shewa. In 1829, Shewa was hit with a debilitating famine; shortly thereafter, a cholera epidemic struck, killing two-thirds of the stricken. Again, misfortune struck when one of the Negus’ generals rebelled, Medoko, several of the elite Matchlockmen (infantry with guns) deserted with him and they joined with the Oromo. Together, they burned Angolalla and waged battles against Shewa. When Sahle Sellassie was able to put down the rebellion (1835), another catastrophe struck. Shewa was afflicted by a drought which decimated crops and livestock, bringing famine to the province. Sahle Sellassie responded to the famine by opening up the royal storehouses to the people. This act greatly enhanced his status with many viewing him as a wise, loving, and generous king.  Sahle Sellassie was a great reformer. Some of his notable reforms are as follows: he limited executions to murder, treason, and sacrilege; executions required the consent of the Negus. He further ceased the practices (torture) of his predecessors, such as brandings with hot irons, executions, and severance of limbs of accused persons and criminals. Many death sentences were reduced to life imprisonment or property forfeiture. Blood money was paid to a murder victim’s relatives, instead of handing them over to the relatives of the victim’s family (an ancient tradition in Ethiopia still practised at the time). He instituted tax reforms and greatly increased the store of firearms available to the state at the time.

He signed friendship treaties with both France and England and even encouraged foreigners to settle in Shoa. In the following, I will highlight Ethiopian Orthodoxy, Ethiopian history, iconography, music, art, and culture. Ethiopian artists have produced an enormous amount of work, particularly the artwork of the Tewahedo Church, murals, manuscripts, ceremonial furniture, including their unique crosses and panel paintings on wood. Ethiopian iconography depicts a wide variety of sacred imagery used for a variety of reasons, both devotional and apotropaic objects (amulets), i.e. having the power to ward off evil or bad luck. The national dress of Ethiopia is the Shamma, a rectangular shawl of three feet in width, handwoven from cotton. Men wear jodhpurs, which fit tightly from the knee to the ankles. Women wear blouses with full skirts of ankle length.

Men and women wrap barnos around their shoulders (especially in the highlands) when the weather cools or is breezy. The national dish of Ethiopia is called injera, a locally made sour, fermented flatbread with a spongelike texture, and wat ot zegeni, which is a type of curried stew made of beef, mutton or chicken. Hard-boiled eggs are added and are seasoned in the Ethiopian manner with red pepper (berbere) and other spices. It is at times served with tedj, a honey mead fermented

drink, or tall an Ethiopian beer. Names and naming ceremonies in Ethiopia, like most Middle Eastern and African countries, are of paramount importance. Asfa Wossen Asserate, the great-grandson of Haile Sellassie, wrote in his book; ‘King of Kings: The Triumph and Tragedy of Emperor Haile Sellassie’, the following: ‘Ethiopian naming conventions have no concept of the division into Christian name and surname that is usual in Europe. People have a single given name. This is often followed by the father’s name, thus Tafari Makonnen is Tafari, the son of Makonnen. If a child dies, and another is born, the newborn child’s name oftentimes is Kassa, meaning restitution. Common male names are Hagos (joy), Desta (pleasure), Tesfaye (my hope). Some common names for females in Ethiopia are Ababa (flower), Zewditu (crown), Terunesh (you are pure), and a host of others, but these are commonly recognisable even in this work since the famous Etege Zewditu Menellek’s daughter’s name is one of the most common female names in Ethiopia. Common Christian or baptismal male names are names compounded with, for instance, Gebre (servant of), an example is Gebre Yesus (servant of Jesus), Walda (son of), Haile (power of), and Habte (gift of). Well-known female baptismal names are, often compounded with the following Amete (maid of), like Amete Maryam, maid of Mary, or Walatta (daughter of), for example, Walatta Sion (daughter of Zion).

 

 

 

Lalibela Foundation and Silverback General Contracting N.V. working on projects in the Netherlands and Sint Maarten.

Africa, Caribbean, Lalibela Commonunity, Pan Africanism, politics, Rastafari, Technology, Thought Leaders., , , , , ,
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Lalibela Foundation and Silverback General Contracting N.V. working on projects in the Netherlands and Sint Maarten.

Foundation Lalibela Commonunity working in Rotterdam. This is how Foundation Lalibela raises funds to support relief efforts in Ethiopia.

Africa, Caribbean, Entrpreneurship, Ethiopia, Europe, Innovation, Lalibela Commonunity, Leadership, NGO, Pan Africanism, politics, Sint Maarten, Soualiga Youth, Technology, Thought Leaders., , , ,
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Foundation Lalibela Commonunity working in Rotterdam. This is how Foundation Lalibela raises funds to support relief efforts in Ethiopia.

Soualiga Youth is merged with Lalibela Commonunity operating in Rotterdam and Ethiopia.

Africa, Black History, Caribbean, Christianity, Lalibela Commonunity, ,

This is to certify that Soualiga Youth is now resident in Rotterdam. Out of Foundation Soualiga Youth foundation, Lalibela was formed by Bernardo Bailey and Ivan Richardson+. From now into the foreseeable future, I will highlight the work of Foundation Lalibela which is inextricably linked to Soualiga Youth since they are one and the same. Foundation Lalibela has done and is still doing, vital work here in Rotterdam for over 20 years.

Bernardo Bailey aka Ras Enoch in Shashamane Ethiopia aka Ityoppia during Foundation Lalibela’s pilgrimage to Lalibela Ethiopia.

An Ethiopian monk showing members of the Foundation Lalibela incense used in the church there in Lalibela Ethiopia.

Art work

Members of Foundation Lalibela with young men from the community in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, second from left Ivan Richardson middle Bernardo Bailey (founders of Lalibela Commonunity).

Foundation Lalibela has been supporting Ethiopians in Ethiopia since 2011 with financial assistance and the purchasing of medicine and dry goods to aid communities, families, and individuals there in Ethiopia. Recently the war in Tigray (northern Ethiopia), comprising ethno-regional militias, the Federal Government, and the Eritrean military has garnered the attention of foreign governments and NGO’ssince 2020. Foundation Lalibela – has been involved in the relief effort and I will – do several post’s about – that in the future. This is a new epoch and era in the life of this Blog, more posts will follow expounding on our work in Ethiopia and the Caribbean. Blessed love.

Ancient Babylonia and Sun God Worship.

Africa, Black History, Ethnic Wars, History, Horus, Leadership, Occultidm, Pre-Aryan, Roman Catholicism, Satanism, Shamanism., Sun God, Theosophy, Witchcraft, , , ,

Image: The Euphrates in Syria.
All of the places mentioned were in ancient times still joined to the continent of Alkebulan Africa.
Mesopotamia, [Greek- between two rivers], so named because of its strategic location between the Tigres and the Euphrates rivers.
The land of Assyria takes its name from one of their ancient kings called Asshur.
Ge: 10:11: Out of that, land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,
Ge: 10:12: And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same is a great city.
Ge: 10:13: And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,
Ge: 10:14: And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim.

Image: A map of Mesopotamia.
The above map shows the Mesopotamian kingdom in green, the center lay in the uppermost portions.

Image: This relief is of Sargon II of Assyria, [722-705back], with one of his subjects.
The Mesopotamian king Sargon c.a. [2384-2340] BCE expanded his empire to include Syria, Cilicia, Assyria, and Elam.

Image: This painting is of the imperial palace of Sargon II in the city of Nineveh.
The city was at one time the capital of Assyria, situated on the east bank of the Tigris river, opposite Mosul in Iraq. Sargon II (722-705 B.C.) ruled for a period from Nineveh.
Sennacherib 705-681 B.C. succeeded Sargon he also made Nineveh his royal city.

Sennacherib‘s youngest son and successor Esarhaddon 681-669 B.C. built a palace at Nineveh, in spite of his efforts at Nineveh Esarhaddon focused his energies on rebuilding Babylon. In 612 Nineveh was destroyed by the Babylonians and their Mede and Scythian allies. Zephaniah (2:13-15), Zep: 2:13: And he will stretch out his hand against the north, and destroy Assyria; and will make Nineveh a desolation, and dry like a wilderness.
Zep: 2:14: And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds: for he shall uncover the cedar work.
Zep: 2:15: This is the rejoicing city that dwelt carelessly, that said in her heart, I am, and there is none beside me: how is she become desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in! Everyone that passeth by her shall hiss, and wag his hand. And in Nahum in its entirety specifically, Na: 2:6: The gates of the rivers shall be opened, and the palace shall be dissolved. The above scripture is an exact account of how Nineveh was destroyed.
Na: 2:7: And Huzzab shall be led away captive, she shall be brought up, and her maids shall lead her as with the voice of doves, tabering upon their breasts.
Na: 2:8: But Nineveh is of old like a pool of water: yet they shall flee away. Stand, stand, shall they cry; but none shall look back. The land of Assyria takes its name from one of their ancient gods called Assur.

The Assyrian king Assoernasirpal II.

The oldest remains unearthed stem from the Third Millennium B.C. they were unearthed in the Ishtar temple.
In ancient history, we will read that Ur of the Chaldea where Abraham came from was in fact the conquerors of the Assyrians who were a satellite of Ur.
Let us examine Ur, one of the most important cities of ancient Mesopotamia located on the Western Bank of the lower falls of the Euphrates river. Some very illuminating finds were unearthed in (Tel Muqayyir) modern Iraq.
From the data thus far gathered we can see a pattern of development since Ishtar was the deity worshipped by the Assyrians who were a satellite at many points in the history of the Babylonians who were as per their own records descendants of Nimrod.
The same Nimrod of the Bible, whose mother Serimaris or Astarte was called the Queen of Heaven, or the mother of Heaven.
Serimaris and Nimrod correlate to Isis and Horus of the Kemitians (Egyptians).
Also according to archeological evidence, Babylon is one of the first ancient civilizations it is also the place, where the two rivers the Tigris and the Euphrates meet.
The Babylonian king called Hammurabi wrote the Code of Hammurabi or Laws of
Hammurabi.

Image: Hammurabi receives the Sacred Scrolls containing the laws from the Sun God Shamash.
Right above; Shamash attacks the Chaos monster, with bolts of lightning.
The Sun God Shamash had the same attributes as the Kemitian Sun god Rah.
The Laws of Hammurabi correlated closely to the ―Medu Netcher‖ of the Kemitians also called Maat (moral laws) the Babylonians as was previously indicated were at certain points in their history conquered by the Egyptians, who in turn foisted their culture onto the conquered people hence the direct correlation of religious thought and development.
One key factor of utmost importance is the development of Algebra by the Kemitians. The science of Algebra was introduced by the Kemitians to the rest of the world. With the knowledge of Algebra, massive mathematically accurate pyramids were constructed. The Babylonians were taught the science of Algebra, this teaching came about as a result of the Babylonians being conquered by the Kemitians. The Arabs as a result of the intermingling of ethnic groups and wars of conquest in later history became, as their Babylonian predecessors the custodians of the science of Algebra thanks to the Kemitians. the Greeks, whom Heroditus chronicled were also recipients of the wisdom of the Kemitians by way of the Phoenicians also a people subjugated in history by the Egyptians, and later the Europeans received their education, again through the conquest of the Greeks who passed on to them this ancient Egyptian science that we call Algebra today.

Gilgamesh the hunter.

Above Orion fighting the bull Taurus the hero-hunter aesthetic is found in most cultures again pointing to an original source for the epics and myths of certain ancient cultures.

The Ishtar Gate. Nebuchadnezzar built this gate in honor of the fertility goddess Ishtar, who was symbolic of the mother and wife of Nimrod or Tammuz.
The earliest inhabitants of Iraq were descended from Tammuz or Dammuzi also pronounced Damu‖ which is an ancient Mesopotamian word meaning Son of the Blood. Interestingly

enough the word Damu is also Swahili for Blood denoting again a commonality in language and symbolism in the cultures of the continent.
These religious cultures were all tantric which means that they hearkened on certain particular methods to gain contact with the particular deity or god‘s/goddesses that their culture revered.
The premise of this work is that those so-called gods and goddesses were in fact demonic entities and we have already exhaustively examined literature from outside of the bible to bear up our points here, we will give accounts of certain Hieroglyphs of the examined cultures that will serve to illuminate our points.

The Enuma Elish. Center the complete Rosetta Stone (British Museum photo). A screenshot from National Geographic‘s hieroglyph translator shows what the glyphs look like.
Above right is an example of Mesopotamian Hieroglyphs. The Kemitians Egyptians‖ were the originators of Hieroglyphic writing as a means of communication, through conquest they spread their culture to the surrounding regions. Some claim that the Sumer empire predated that of the Egyptians, if one is referring to the later interbreeding of the original inhabitants of Kemit with their conquered vassals and the later marauding Hyksos and Haribu peoples, then the Sumer empire predated them yes.
Now if one were to examine the culture of the original Kemitians, based on unearthed archeological evidence. We would then see an unmixed group of pure Nubian i.e. (black men) stock, and it is these people who were the originators of the art of communication called Hieroglyphs. The art was developed in keeping with their belief of sacral kingship, the king was literally a representative of Rah or god.―Pharaoh‖ was a god on earth and gods cannot die, they only transition from the temporal, or earthly plane of existence in order to occupy the spiritual plane hereby becoming one with deity, and attaining the perfection 360 degrees of entirety, called universal consciousness or oneness.
In creating an account of their words, and deeds through the Hieroglyphs or Medu Nechter they were deified for eternity as future generations would have an account of them preserved in stone.
This is the teaching that Buddhism sprang from, as was already shown the Dravidians a people originating in the Delta region, were the people that introduced Tantricism into India, including the practice of the consumption of Cannabis Sativa as a form of spiritual enlightenment. From India Tantricism spread throughout the Fareast and the orient.

The Dravidians Pre-Aryan Indus Civilization.

Africa, Black History, Dalit, Dalits, Dravidians, Ethnic Wars, Hindu Kush, History, India, Indus Vallkey., Pre-Aryan, Rastafari, Shamanism., The Bondo, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

From my book: Rastafari and its Shamanist Origins: Revised Edition: SHAMANIC ESOTERIC CULTURE AS A GLOBAL CULTURAL VALUE SYSTEM AND ITS ANTITHESIS: APOSTOLIC CULTURE an Anthropological Socio-Political, Geo-Political, Historical, Etymological, Geographical, Cultural Biblical Study. ©: Copyrights Wade Alexander Bailey, warning copyrighted material all rights reserved.

Copyrights R.M.N.D. 2008.


This map shows the close proximity of India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and China to the Indus River.
I will like to examine here the language called Sanskrit the Indo-Iranian language also called an Indo-European language.
This correlates to statements made in this work about a priestly class of Brahmin co-
opting the Dravidian teachings and creating their own peculiar brand of paganism.
The Brahmin are called Aryans, Aryans are a Caucasoid people, Europeans.
Here is more proof of the Hindu Kush valley being a place where Baalism came to India from the Middle East via Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Indus is a river in South Asia. It has a 3000 km stream area the following names of countries and mountains that follow are ll, or are either in its direct path or the Indus circumnavigates or flows from either of them.


These are the following names of mountains, countries, and even bodies of water they are as follows, Himalayas, West Tibet, Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, Karachi, The Arabic Sea, Sutlej, Sukkor, Karakoram, and Hindukush.
In order to understand the living conditions of early man, their lifestyle and belief systems must be studied.
A river in anciency was a source of wealth to those who were fortunate enough to be living in its immediate vicinity.
Take for instance Egyptian high culture and the Nubian high culture.
The development of high culture in the ancient world always occurred around the areas that were fertile this means that a vast river network would have been the contributing factor to the sustained development of high culture. Therefore given the evidence on our map we have conclusive proof of such a claim take note of the places on your map that the Indus river surrounds China, Tibet, India, Iran, Iraq, etc. all these countries in the ancient world were

known to have developed a very high culture and what is called a civilized way of living meaning they were exposed to education, they had an existing government some were ruled by kings others were ruled by a priestly class all these developments were made sustainable by direct access to water.
Water and the irrigation of canals and viaducts for the betterment of crops and sustenance of cattle and other livestock made it possible for the continued preservation and development of their culture and the preservation of their various monarchies.
We have today at our disposal maps that show that the river the Indus connects to all the countries indicated above this connection made it possible for men to travel by seafaring vessels, from one continent to the other today we do this by plane because of the advanced technology available.


Sometimes people traveled to other countries for purposes of war as in the case of the Dravidians being conquered by their lighter-skinned Aryan traducers.
In other periods people traveled for purposes of trade or for educational purposes or simply to escape religious or political tyranny, it is within this inter-cultural travel that ideas and schools of thought were exchanged adapted, and abandoned by one group of people or from one culture to the next.


The fertility of the countries in the regions on the map previously mentioned, was a result, of their close proximity, to the Hindu Kush River. Now has it dawned on you the reader why this work can set forth empirically the assertion, that all these countries got their religious practices from the ancient Phoenicians and Babylonians which countries are today Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
True scholarship, has the ability to bear up its claims outside of the narrow scope of its core literature, my core literature being in this case the bible. I have ventured far outside the bible and yet my claims are borne up, by scripture not the other way around. My work cannot bear up scripture the bible is the direct words and laws of God my claim to this work is rooted in a biblical background, not in secularism.
The readers who are well-read and are familiar with the works of Joseph Ben Jochannan and Cheik Anta Diop will be able to comprehend the factual evidence presented herein.
The mission of this work, as was stated previously, is to introduce Jesus in a different light and at the same time, destroy falsehoods and fables, surrounding him and his ministry.

The Karakoram Mountain, is a glacial tributary of the Indus Kush River, as can be seen the Indus Kush, encompasses vast regions in Asia it is from these regions that the cult practices of Baalism found their way into India and from India, they were spread by the emissary of paganism Gautama Buddha.

Afghanistan along with Pakistan, Iran, and Iraq all belonged at one time either to the Babylonian kings or to the Phoenician kings. In scripture, Jezebel was described, as a Phoenician queen, the goddess of the Phoenicians was Diana/Ashtoreth.

The Khyber pass is above on the map, written in white.

Dravidian dark-skinned inhabitants of India, the languages that certain Dravidians speak, include Tamil, Telugu, and Kanarees. The script on the right of this page is Sanskrit, the most ancient form of writing known to these people . These people are some of the earliest inhabitants, of India, they are a matrilineal people, meaning inheritance is ascertained according to the line of the mother not unlike that practiced by many Africans throughout the continent.

Many of their deities are also of the female sex, it was these people who brought the tantric practices now famous in India, to India. The Chakra, The Wheel of Righteousness: in the Indian flag. The wheel of Ashoka) is a depiction of the Dharmachakra, (see Dharma Chakra), the Wheel of Dharma (Sanskrit: Chakra means wheel). The wheel has 24 spokes, which represent the 12 Laws of Dependent Origination and the 12 Laws of Dependent Termination. What is referred to as Hinduism came from them; they are distinct from the Indo-Aryan people, who now predominate in India. The painting above speaks volumes, it portrays Rama, (the blue color of Rama signifies he is an Avatar of Vishnu), Sita, Laksmana, and a demon Suruphnaka with her nose severed; here the demon looks like a Dalit. The Brahmin produced this painting, and the subjugation of all of the darker-skinned Indians began to be, institutionalized, within Hinduism. Through these types of portrayals the untouchables, almost exclusively look like the devil in the painting above.

Above are photos of people of the Cham civilization in Vietnam. The Cham exists today in Vietnam.

A

A pre-modern Buddha statue in Vietnam, note its ‘negroid’, characteristics.

Above the head of another pre-modern Buddha in the same area.

The photos above are of early Buddhas in India, Nepal, and China. Some historians and archaeologists have found a pronounced Dravidian or Cham/Kham (The Cham are the indigenous inhabitants of Vietnam), presence in all of the earliest civilizations of the countries mentioned above. Their findings lend credence to the claims made in this book that the earliest religions of man all have a single origin.

Descendants of the black-skinned Dravidians in modern India, are as black as any African and darker than most descendants of Africans in the Diaspora. The photos to the left are of some young Dalit women in Orissa India.
It is from these countries in ancient history from whence the Dravidians emerged bringing with them their cultic practices.
The Aryans co-opted their religious practices after having conquered and subjugated them the Aryans developed Brahmanism out of this school of thought came Buddhism and later Hinduism.

Early Shiva statue from the Cham civilization in Vietnam.
A map displaying the ancient Kham civilization.

Above a map of modern India showing Orissa the area densely populated by the Bondo people, a people who according to their own oral history came to India from Africa.

Above a Bondo woman in Orissa province.

The Dravidian descendants in India speak a number of languages like Tamil, Telugu, Kannadigas, and a few not mentioned here. The revolutionary Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka are direct descendants of Dravidians. Bondo women, from the Orissa province in India, with their characteristically dark skin and broad noses.

The Indo-Aryans are all of the Brahmin (merchant class their religious language is still officially Sanskrit.

A map of the Indus Valley and its tributaries, and the Indus river.


Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, and India are clearly identifiable on the above-shown map.
Also, the Hindu Kush glacial tributary of the Indus River can be seen.
As I indicated earlier, in the region of Nepal Buddhism spread, through the efforts of Siddhartha Gautama (c.a. 560-480 b.c.e.). The earliest depictions of Buddha strongly resemble the Dravidian and Bondo people, again pointing to a non-Aryan people, as the original inhabitants of the Indian sub-continent.

Dalits in Nepal.

Above an early Thai Buddha from around 800 b.c., with the characteristic broad nose and thick lips, usually associated with the people shown above. The evidence points to a dark-skinned people having been the indigenous inhabitants of the eastern nations including China.